Category Archives: politics

Comparing Nigeria with Indonesia

This is Lagos, but it looks like Jakarta except there's no motorbikes

An opinion article on BBC Africa points out that both countries have similar resources (large size, big population, good resource base including oil) and similar histories (former colonies liberated after  WW2, military coup in mid 1960’s, military dictatorships ofterthrown in late 1990’s).  Yet Indonesia has prospered so that the life expectancy is now around 70 (Nigeria is 47) and per capita income is $2,010 (double that of Nigeria).

The writer, Peter Cunliffe-Jones, postulates that the reason is that the military dictatorship in Indonesia was more fearful of a popular uprising than the one in Nigeria.  He says the fear was justified because it was a popular uprising which overthrew Suharto.  He also suggests that Indonesia was better able to suppress independance movements.

I’m open to being convinced, but it seems to me that Indonesians aren’t as politically active as Mr Cunliffe-Jones thinks.  Even today, people on the street (stall owners, taxi drivers) are unwilling to express an opinion on political issues for fear of reprisal.  There are some who say the riots which heralded Suharto’s demise were orchestrated by an army faction.

Even so, Indonesians seem to be quite astute at the polls.  I believe they have consistently chosen the superior candidate in every presidential election which they have been able to participate in.

With regard to stability, Indonesia was unable to suppress the East Timorese sufficiently to prevent them from gaining independence.  War in Aceh dragged on for decades and nearly culminated in independance for that province too.  There are increasing rumblings in West Irian.  I’m not as knowledgeable about Nigerian history, but it hasn’t been all roses in Indonesia.

I feel that most of the progress Indonesia has made has been in the past decade.  However it arrived, whether forced by the people or by the elite, democracy has served to unwind a lot of the corruption that has clogged business for so long.  The army holds a smaller part of the business sector and people seem determined to better their circumstances by engaging in business and securing things such as a better education for their children, a more responsible judiciary etc.

On the topic of Nigeria/Indonesia, there is a highly visible population of Nigerians living in Jakarta.  Some of them are working in the oil industry, perhaps that is what brought the first wave.  I first noticed them in Tanah Abang, but there are increasing numbers living in Sabang.  They’re very noticable because of their height and dark skin colour.  There is a high degree of prejudice against them, Indonesians generally consider dark skin unattractive and the local press associates them with the drug trade.  Indeed, police seem to have a ’shoot first’ policy towards them.  I wonder how many innocent Nigerians have been killed in Jakarta and labelled as drug dealers as an excuse?

UPDATE:

Things might soon begin to improve for Nigerians living in Jakarta, if anything comes from this.

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Thoughtless Slur on Dutch Voters by Indo Ambassador

Yunus Habibie

Dutchnews reports that the Indonesian ambassador to the Netherlands, Yunus Habibie, has retracted part of his criticism of the Dutch political party PVV, which has a policy to ban immigration from Islamic countries. Habibie had said that people who voted PVV were ‘anxiety psychotic’.

I wonder if the PVV paid Habibie to make those comments, because they’ve been political gold for them. Imagine the uproar if a Western ambassador had said similar things about an Indonesian political party?

I don’t know the basis on which Habibie won his tenure as ambassador to the Netherlands.  There must be some connection with the former President Habibie.  As someone with Golkar connections they must have thought it was better to send him far away where he could do no harm.  Considering his lack of political nous, they should have kept him in Jakarta.  Although the current mess might earn him a posting somewhere more Islamic, such as Somalia?

To make things worse, he has put the kybosh on any future trips by President Yudhyono by saying:

‘Of course the president will not come here if there is someone in the cabinet who says Islam is backward. I do not want my president to be seen as a clown’
This means that if Yudhyono needs to visit the Netherlands at any time there is a coalition including the PVV, he can be freely mocked as a clown by his political enemies.
 

 

The purpose of an ambassador is to open doors and create opportunities, be ‘diplomatic’!  Not to openly meddle in the politics of the host country.

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Indonesian Jews Suffer for Israel’s Actions

I came across this story about two Jewish brothers who had lived in Surabaya all their lives and now feel compelled to seek refuge in Israel.  They left Surabaya in October 2009 after receiving death threats.  From the story, it seems that the people making the threats agreed not to destroy the synagogue as long as these two brothers left the country.  A small Jewish community remains in Surabaya, consisting mostly of people who have married outside the Jewish faith and those who are too poor to leave.

The puzzle is: why should these two elderly men be the focus of such rage as to drive them out of the country?  They seem harmless enough to me.  People with arabic looks are considered beautiful by most Indonesians.  Perhaps they wear their skullcaps in public?  If you have any ideas, please let me know.

Unfortunately, the location of their synagogue is well known to the public and so it is a focus of attention whenever people want to vent their anger at the latest alleged injustice perpetrated by the Israeli state.  The fact that the Jewish community which belongs to this synagogue are perfectly innocent does not enter the thinking of the fanatics who want them gone.

Surabaya Synagogue

Since the brothers left, further protests against Israel’s Gaza offensive in January 2010 have caused the synagogue to be closed down completely.

Many people are surprised to learn that there are any Jews living in Indonesia at all.  In fact, the Jewish faith has quite a long history here.  The first to settle came with the Dutch and there is still a small community of Indonesian Ashkenazis in Jakarta.  The location of the Jakarta synagogue is a closely held secret, for obvious reasons.  The Jews living in Surabaya are mostly Sephardi, their ancestors arriving from what is now Iraq in the 1920s, fleeing persecution.  Judging from this photoessay, there is at least one other synagogue, in Manado.  Quite an unusual building.  You can also see the interior of the Surabaya synagogue there.

During the Second World War, most of Indonesian Jewry were rounded up by the Japanese, along with the Dutch and other Europeans.  They enjoyed equal treatment with the other captives (as far as one can use the word ‘enjoy’) until a visiting Gestapo member called on his Japanese hosts to single them out for special treatment.  Fortunately this was late in the war and there was no particular effort to exterminate them as happened in Europe.

After the war, some European Jews settled in Indonesia seeking a place free of ancient prejudices.  This period of growth in numbers didn’t last long after Indonesia’s independence as President Soekarno considered them to be akin to the Dutch and their businesses subject to nationalisation.  Under the second president, Suharto’s long reign, there was some relief for the Jews.  But since then the public has gained greater freedom of expression and things have deteriorated until we have reached the present situation.

It is said that there are a few dozen Jews still living in Jakarta and Surabaya.  However, it is difficult to estimate accurately.  Some are not religious, others have married Muslims and their children do not necessarily follow their parent’s beliefs.  The Indonesian state only officially recognises six religions: Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism.

It’s a shame that members of one of the world’s oldest religions, which has done so much to advance humanity, should be treated so poorly.  Of course, not everyone in Indonesia is anti-semitic.  Although Indonesia and Israel do not have diplomatic relations, there is a facebook page for a virtual Israeli Embassy to Indonesia.  It boasts over 20,000 Indonesian ‘friends’, which is a considerable number.  I suspect the great majority of them are Evangelical Christians, hoping for the establishment of Zion as the first step towards the apocalypse.

I once met an American Jew in Jakarta who was looking for work.  He had fallen in love with a local Muslim girl and was hoping to get married.  I don’t think he had told his parents about this as Indonesian law would require him to convert to Islam.  I often wonder what happened to him.

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Updates on Recent Stories

For those who follow this blog but don’t keep a close eye on Indonesian news, I thought now would be a good time to update you on developments concerning some of the more popular stories. 

Starting with the most recent:

Mental illness

In my second story concerning the practice of pasung, or chaining of the mentally ill, I found a clip which told about a local doctor, Suryani, who is working on this problem in Bali, applying modern medical techniques and showing miraculous results.   The sad thing was that the local government had cut funding to this project, putting a question mark over its continuation and bringing those patients who could not afford to pay for the medication the fear that they will return to their psychotic state.

I have since heard a rumour that the reason the funding was withdrawn was political jealousy.  Dr Suryani comes from an influential Balinese family and her detractors say she is conducting her work under her own name and not giving the government the credit for its funding.  They also imply that because she is seriously rich, she should pay for the treatment from her own pocket! 

Personally, I think people should put political issues behind them and consider the victims.  Even if she is capable of funding the entire clinic from her own resources, public health is a responsibility which the government has taken upon itself.  The potential cost to Bali’s economy if tourists shunned the island because of their handling of this issue is far greater than the cost of funding the clinic.  Government funds need to be allocated according to where they can do the most good.  Finally, I think it’s something to be encouraged when a member of the elite rolls up their sleeves and does some practical work, something Indonesia’s elite are not famous for.

Dr Suryani has a website for her institute if you would like more information about her work.  You can donate towards her work if you feel inclined to do so.

Tempo’s ‘Sold Out’ Edition

The publishers of Tempo ran a second edition of the magazine which was sold out.  The police are saying they were not involved in buying up the first edition and that it was just a publicity stunt on Tempo’s part.  Members of the police force are now taking a different approach.  They are suing Tempo for defamation in comparing them to pigs.  They are deeply offended because pigs are supposedly haram to devout Muslims.  I may be out of line here, but it has always been my understanding that it is the eating of pigs which is haram, not the pigs themselves.  So perhaps they are being a little precious in being offended on religious grounds.  Seldom mentioned is the fact that unbelievers in Islam are haram, yet I doubt any police general would shun his Balinese colleague on that basis.  More to the point, it is also haram to steal and it is also haram to use one’s position in a corrupt manner.

Perhaps the police would suffer less ridicule and criticism if concentrated on solving corruption within their ranks and got on with actual policing.  It is my feeling that the people respond well when they see their police giving a good example.

Peterporn

At this moment, Nazriel (Ariel) Irham is still being held in custody while Luna Maya and Cut Tari are free.  The prosecutor is obviously trying to avoid provoking the public’s sympathy.  All three have undergone physical examinations to check whether their body shapes match the images in the videos.  Intimate measurements were taken, including those of Ariel’s genitals. 

Meanwhile, police have announced they are ‘about’ to arrest eight suspects for actually uploading the videos.  That was a few days ago, I haven’t heard anything about that so far.

Smoking Baby

CNN have sent a camera crew out to Sumatra to verify that, yes, the story is true.  Although somehow they managed to misspell his name and the American public now know him as ‘Aldi’.   I deeply suspect this whole fuss is a beat-up by the big US tobacco companies to disparage Indonesia in the current trade dispute.  The US is banning flavoured cigarettes, including the kreteks which Indonesia exports.  However, somehow they don’t include the menthol cigarettes which the US manufacturers make in their definition of ‘flavoured’.  Self interest creates double standards.

This Site

There are now two people working on Aboutindo.  Neither of us full time yet :)   You might have noticed the marked improvement in quality. 

We are planning to make some big changes soon, including self hosting.   I started a bit less than six months ago, but it seems like only three.  Thanks for your support and comments.

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Is this the Way to Treat a God?

YouTube Preview Image

This video is 15 minutes, but well worth watching all the way through.

I wasn’t aware of this clip when I wrote my post about mental illness in Indonesia.  Lack of treatment of psychotic patients leads to them being chained or imprisoned for years as their families have no other means of restraining them.

I did not know that there are already some Indonesian doctors who have taken it upon themselves to liberate the mentally ill.  This clip shows the miraculous changes that modern medicine can bring to the psychotic.  In every case, they were able to recover sufficiently to contribute at least something to their communities.

Unfortunately, many of the families involved are too poor to afford the drugs.  As the funding for this program has been dramatically reduced, there is a danger that some of them will have to revert to their previous life in chains.  There is an interview with Bali’s Governor, who was responsible for cutting the funding even though his own grandmother suffered the same fate of being chained for her insanity.  I would love to know the true story behind this budget cut (anyone able to enlighten me?).

Every person deserves to be treated with respect.  Maybe not as much as we would give to a god, but at least better treatment than the mentally ill are getting in many countries today.

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Tempo Reprints Mysteriously ‘Sold-out’ Edition

Cover of the latest edition

A very strange thing happened with the latest edition of Indonesia’s Tempo magazine.  It was a sell out!  Normally a publisher would be pleased to hear that every copy printed was sold.  But in this case, the circumstances of the sales were bizarre.  Shortly after 4am on Monday, groups of men who looked like police officers (but not in uniform) visited all 29 of Tempo’s agents in Jakarta and bought every copy.

The feature article is “Rekening Gendut Perwira Polici” (Fat Bank Account of a Police Officer).  It tells the story of an investigation into the affairs of certain police generals who have acquired vast amounts of wealth.  A check of their bank accounts reveals sums being deposited which greatly exceed their annual salaries.  The total amounts make Gayus look frugal:

Details of three of the generals

Corruption used to be so commonplace in Indonesia that many people on the take didn’t bother to cover their tracks.  Now everyone’s bank account is up for examination and questions are being asked about where these vast sums came from.

The Sunday edition of the Tempo newspaper advertises the main articles of the magazine to be distributed the next day.  So it seems one or more of the generals panicked and ordered his boys to buy up every copy.  Well, they succeeded in buying all the 30,000 copies to be sold in Jakarta, but not the ones that went to other cities, or to places just outside Jakarta, or those mailed to subscribers.  Even if they did succeed in buying the entire print run, the story was available online!

Anyhow, far from being discouraged by the strange events, Tempo went ahead and ran off another 30,000 copies which it distributed to its agents in Jakarta today.  Sadly, nobody was tempted to buy up all of those, so they will be sold one by one, in the usual way.

Tempo has a proud history of breaking stories which challenge the status quo.  Having been shut down for years by President Suharto and sued by Tomy Winata, it was unlikely that Tempo would be intimidated by someone actually handing them extra cash.

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Peterporn: Lots of Threats, No Action So Far

Luna Maya was shocked

After 12 hours, I’m still waiting to find out whether the police have acted on their promise to arrest Luna Maya and Cut Tari rather than defend their homes or arrest those making threats against their lives.

If you’ve been following the story, you’ll know that there was a small demonstration of 1,000 (pitifully low turnout by Indonesian standards) members of the ultra right Islamic Defenders Front.  Despite their small size, they manage to grab a lot of media attention because of their menacing costumes and behaviour.   The press were rewarded when they threatened to seek out the homes of the two female celebrities and administer rough justice.

As often happens the police have taken what they see as the easiest way out.  Instead of mounting an operation against the ringleaders of the demonstration and the people who made the threats, they have announced their intention to arrest the entertainers.  This is not good policing, firstly because they have no basis to charge them, secondly because it sends a signal that anyone can make threats against another human without risk of punishment.  How would Fadilah Karimah feel if the tables were turned on her?  How if  someone in the media decided to ridicule her?  (please, someone?).

In fact, I believe it’s more than just a matter of the police preparing an operation and rounding up the ringleaders.  There is a force within the Jakarta elite which sponsors and protects this organisation.  The Front truely is a front, controlled by a puppet master.  There would be consequences if the police took them on.  But public pressure is building for the police to ‘do something’.  So they have done the least they think they can do, which is to threaten the powerless.  Hopefully it will all blow over before they are forced to act on their threat.

The President’s hands are tied since his Information Minister made a huge gaffe comparing the celebrities with Jesus crucified.  He is somewhat hampered by his reliance on some Islamic parties within his coalition government.  So far he has threatened to introduce some form of internet filtering, but nothing certain yet.  As he will not be eligible for re-election, it’s possible that he will not be able to carry through with that anyhow.

There is still no certainty about what the people of Indonesia think about all of this.  Judging from internet responses, the youth are firmly in support of the celebrities.  The only thing that’s sure is that there is a huge culture war building in Indonesia.

Cut Tari - Cultural Warrior

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Peterporn Scandal Development: Ariel Arrested

Police have decided to arrest Nazril ‘Ariel’ Irham for his part in the so-called Peterporn Scandal.  Under the recent anti-pornography laws, he is facing anything from 6 months to 9 years in jail and/or $US660,000 fine.  They are holding him for 24 hours  pending charges.  There is no word on whether they intend to charge his co-stars Luna Maya and Cut Tari.  I think they would have trouble proving that the girls ‘made’ the pornographic videos, it seems clear that it was all Ariel’s doing.  But it also seems that adultery is still a criminal offense in Indonesia, so there is some scuttlebut that Cut Tari could be prosecuted for that, but I think it’s unlikely because that law has become archaic through lack of use.

The big unanswered question is: What about the pornography distributors?  The police have known for a week the IP addresses and the location where the porn was uploaded.  But so far there is no news of any raids.  Surely the distributors of the porn are more worthy of prison than someone who simply made the vids for his personal use (however sleazy he is)? 

Well, there are two elements which probably make those distributors a bit too big for the police to manage.  Firstly, the people running the blackmail operation are said to be too closely connected to the ‘Mr Big’ of Indonesia’s underworld.  See?  He’s so big I don’t want to use his name.  I’ll tell you his name if you phone me.  Anyhow, why do you think the Mr Bigs in your city never get arrested?  Same reason why this one never will.  Anyhow, the rumours are that the blackmailers hit more than 30 female celebrities for 10 billion rp each (that’s $US1million, if I’m not mistaken).  All of them paid up except Luna and Cut.  Although there are a lot of guys hoping that some others will also refuse to pay when Mr Big comes back for a second helping.

The second reason the police will not go after the blackmailers is that some say the release of the videos was timed to distract attention from another scandal which was raging at the time.  It implicated a certain well known businessman in a corrupt undertaking.  He’s not well loved, but he has connections.

Hysteria concerning the affair has gone as high as the President’s Office.  On the weekend, SBY stated his concerns about the effect of internet porn on the population.  To some extent I have to agree with him, there is a need to protect the young from corrupting influences.  But I think it’s more a matter for parents and the owners of internet cafes to take responsibility for what people are viewing.

As expected, the extreme right wing fundamentalists have jumped on the issue.  They see it as an opportunity to introduce sharia law throughout the country.  Fortunately they make it sound so unpalateable that it’s unlikely that they will have much influence in this.  They are calling for married adulterers to be stoned to death (if that happened, half the population of Jakarta would be executed and the parliament building would be empty). 

From Kompas:

Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia coordinator Fadilah Karimah, 32, said she would like to see adulterers buried up to their necks in public places and pelted with stones until dead.

“Those people who have sex before marriage should be caned with a stick 100 times in public. Adulterers should be half-buried and stoned to death,” she told AFP at the rally.

“This is appropriate punishment as what they did was dirty, shameful and despicable. They should be prepared for such a punishment if they want to earn a place in heaven.”

“The more people who see it the better.”

I sometimes wonder what goes on in the minds of people such as Fadilah.  But then I realise that I wouldn’t want to know.

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Gayus Arrested in Singapore

Fugitive tax collector Gayus Tambunan was caught in a food court in Orchard Road by two Indonesian policemen who happened to be eating at the same place.  What a come down for someone who had become used to the best money could buy!   The policemen were able to convince him (and his family) to return to Jakarta with them in exchange for their protection and a chicken rice.

A few days ago, investigators seized $US6.5 million in foreign currency and jewellery from safety deposit boxes held in a Jakarta branch of PT Bank Mandiri.  The boxes were kept by Gayus, a former tax investigator.  Not bad going for a public servant, still a young guy, to judge from his pictures.  Gayus wasn’t born into money, here’s a pic showing his parent’s house compared with the one he was living in when things started to unravel:

Imagine letting your parents stay in that house while you’re living in a palace.  Here’s a better shot of the mansion:

Gayus was actually charged last year, when police found Rp 28 billion ($US3 million) in his bank accounts, probably payoffs from companies he had been assigned to audit.  Amazingly, he was acquitted.  But now all this cash has turned up, he’s back under arrest.  Of course, the scandal doesn’t stop there.  He has been linked to 149 companies (presumably those he audited in the past) including PT Dowell Anadrill Schlumberger and another bearing the name ‘Sidoarjo’ (possibly related to Bakrie’s mud volcano?).

In addition, those involved in his previous acquittal: his two lawyers, two police officers, two prosecutors, the judge, two suspected case brokers and a businessman are under suspicion. I wonder how many people’s careers will be in tatters by the end of all this?

In the old days, in the Suharto era, it’s unlikely that a case like this would see the light of day.  People were fearful of making waves in case it disturbed the wrong ones, that can be fatal.  But now, in many ways, it seems the press have more freedom to keep these cases in the public eye and people are more willing to speak up. 

It’s not so easy to hide illegal money.  It’s been the undoing of many criminals.  Did Gayus really think nobody would notice him bringing boxes of cash into the bank?  It didn’t even need a bank clerk to tip off the police, I’m sure the cash box records are regularly checked by the authorities.  The only way to enjoy ill gotten gains is to spend them, but that goes against the grain for someone like Gayus, a family man who might have had the peasant instinct not to waste what he had.  In trying not to waste it, the money was lost anyway.  Well, perhaps not all, I’m sure the loot that’s been found so far is just the tip of the iceburg.

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Obama – Not Coming? Who Cares?

What’s this?  The third time they’ve cancelled the visit to Indonesia because of ‘pressing matters at home’?  Is the great USA really in that much distress?  It really doesn’t inspire confidence that the USA is interested in the region.  China is certainly looking better.

But we understand.  Obama is deeply unpopular and he wants to do some campaigning ahead of elections happening in November when his party will likely lose its majorities.  And as Suharto knows, the best time to get rid of a dictator is when he’s out of the country.

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